Internal Family Systems
On the billDick Schwartz, Frank Anderson, Jeanne Catanzaro, Loch Kelly – six sessions, several CE-tagged, including “IFS, Legacy Burdens & Spirituality–CE Session*” and “IFS, Food, and the Body: Self as Synthesizer–CE Session*”
What it gets rightGives people a workable language for internal conflict, and a non-pathologising stance that lowers shame fast. Clinicians report it holds attention where other approaches stall, and that is not nothing.
Where it stops holdingIFS offers a useful therapeutic language for internal conflict. The difficulty begins when that language is treated as a literal map of the mind. Within the model, resistance to the idea of parts can itself be classified as the work of a protective part, making the model unusually difficult to disconfirm. “Legacy burdens” then extends the explanation across generations without identifying a mechanism capable of carrying that claim.
Polyvagal-informed practice
On the bill“Polyvagal Theory meets Heartfulness”; “Grounding the Nervous System: A Polyvagal-Informed Yoga and Breath Practice”; Prentis Hemphill – “The Three Body States”
What it gets rightAutonomic arousal is real, it is measurable, and slowing the breath does change it. Teaching people to notice their own state before it runs them is sound practice.
Where it stops holdingThe central evolutionary and anatomical claims beneath Polyvagal Theory remain contested in the physiology literature. Slower breathing can alter arousal whether the theory is correct or not. A useful practice does not establish the explanation attached to it, and these sessions risk presenting that explanation as settled neuroscience.
Somatic and embodiment schools
On the billKai Cheng Thom, Mariah Rooney, Raoul Goldberg – “Somatics & the Shadow of Injustice”; “From Survival to Sovereignty: Exploring Somatic-Empowerment–CE Session*”
What it gets rightDistress is not solely verbal or conceptual. It can be accompanied by persistent changes in breathing, muscular tension, heart rate and bodily attention. Teaching people to register those signals is a necessary correction to approaches conducted entirely through language.
Where it stops holding“Somatic” is an umbrella term, not a single method. On this programme it covers everything from careful interoceptive work to a dance evening. The label alone tells a buyer nothing reliable about the proposed mechanism, the practitioner’s training or the evidence supporting the particular practice.
Interpersonal neurobiology and mindsight
On the billDan Siegel – “IPNB in Action: A Living Synthesis of Science, Spirit, and Healing–CE Session*”; “Science and Spirituality: Finding the Common Ground Through Integrating Consciousness–CE Session*”
What it gets rightA genuinely useful common vocabulary across disciplines that otherwise talk past each other, and clinical heuristics that practitioners find portable.
Where it stops holdingAn integrative framework can organise existing knowledge without being testable as a single theory. The difficulty begins when that breadth is treated as explanatory evidence. If a framework can accommodate every outcome while identifying none that would count against it, it cannot carry causal or clinical claims by itself.
Self-compassion training
On the billKristin Neff – “Transcending the Separate Self Through Self-Compassion”; “When Compassion Needs a Backbone”
What it gets rightA manualised programme, assessed with published measures and subjected to randomised trials producing both positive and null findings. That willingness to publish mixed results gives it one of the stronger evidential foundations on the bill.
Where it stops holdingThe concern is scope, not legitimacy. Evidence that a programme can reduce self-criticism does not automatically establish it as a treatment for trauma. Its inclusion should not allow the claim to expand beyond the populations and outcomes actually studied.
Psychedelic-assisted therapy
On the billRick Doblin, Rayyan Zafar, Lauren Macdonald, Chantelle Thomas – “MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD: Pillars of Transformation”; “When Science Meets Spirit: Psychedelics and Trauma-Informed Psychospiritual Care”
What it gets rightA genuine clinical research programme with defined protocols, pharmacology, adverse-event monitoring and regulatory scrutiny. Whatever its eventual outcome, it submitted its claims for independent judgement.
Where it stops holdingMDMA’s noticeable effects make effective blinding exceptionally difficult. In 2024, an FDA advisory committee concluded that functional unblinding, expectation bias and selection bias limited the interpretation of the results. The FDA subsequently declined approval and required further study. The Oxford programme then moves from a tightly defined clinical intervention to “psychospiritual care”, carrying the authority of the trials into territory those trials did not establish.
Neglect-informed psychotherapy
On the billRuth Cohn – “Too Much of Nothing–CE Session*”; “Nature Abhors a Vacuum: Neglect Trauma and the Problem of Faith–CE Session*”
What it gets rightNames something the field genuinely under-theorises. Abuse leaves evidence and neglect leaves an absence, and absences are harder to study, so they get studied less.
Where it stops holdingNaming an underexamined problem is valuable, but naming it does not establish that the proposed approach resolves it. We found no clear outcome evidence for the branded method in the material examined. The CE credit does not tell the buyer where a promising formulation ends and a validated treatment begins.